Придаточные определительные предложения в английском языке упражнения. Упражнения на все типы условныx предложений в английском языке. Придаточные предложения времени и условия в английском языке. Упражнения на First Conditionals

Условных предложений, а также познакомиться с . Пришло время выполнить упражнения на все эти типы условных предложений. Conditionals exercises даются с ответами, поэтому Вы сможете проверить уровень своих знаний по теме Условные предложения. Упражнения на Conditionals — прекрасный способ отработать полученные знания. Некоторые предложения, действительно, сложные – поэтому задавайте вопросы в комментариях.

Упражнения на условные предложения в английском. Conditionals exercises.

Упражнение 1. Подчеркните правильный вариант ответа. Underline the correct form to make conditional sentences.

1. If Rita opens /will open a boutique in the High Street, she’ll make lots of money.
2. If the economy doesn’t improve, lots of businesses will close / would close down.
3. This burglar alarm is so sensitive: it goes off if a mouse runs / will run across the floor.
4. George may go to prison unless he won’t pay / pays his taxes.
5. The company was / would be more successful if it spent more money on advertising.
6. If the employees of a company are/were happy, they work harder.
7. We might sell our business if it makes / would make another loss this year.
8. It looks like Molly’ll be okay, unless something new will happen / happens.
9. Unless Shelly had read him wrong, Jack would find /would have found her unorthodox approach irresistible.
10. Mat would not trust/ didn’t trust that unless he had to.

Упражнение 2 . Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме условного наклонения. Open the brackets to form conditionals. Mind mixed conditionals!

1. If Felix (to be) ___________ here I would have seen him.
2. Michael would not agree even if you (to ask) ____________ him.
3. If they (mention) __________ this yesterday, everything would have been done.
4. If I (to find) __________ that letter, I’ll show it to you.
5. If I meet him, I (to invite) __________ him.
6. Would they come if we (to invite) __________them?
7. The boss (be) __________ very disappointed if you aren’t at the meeting tomorrow.
8. The teacher said, “I’ll begin the lesson as soon as Jack _____________ (stop) talking.”
9. The old gentleman doesn’t go out in winter. He _____________ (go) out if the weather gets warmer.
10. She’s flying to Cairo tomorrow. She’ll send her family a telegram providing she _____________ (arrive) with a delay.
11. If the plane had left on time, they _____________ (be) in Minsk now.
12. If they hadn’t walked 40 km, they _____________ (not / be) exhausted now.
13. What would have become of us, if I _______ (come) to you then!"
14. He would have been scrupulous — if he (can) ________ !
15. What is the answer if you (add) _______ 17 to 75?

Упражнение 3. Образуйте условные предложения, употребив нужную форму глагола. Make conditional sentences.

1. Molly (be) _______ a splendid woman, if only she didn"t talk so much!
2. The evening will be fine, if only we ________ (not have) a storm.
3. You might be of interest to me, if only I (have) _________time to waste on you.
4. If you (leave) __________ at two, you will be there before dark.
5. When he isdrowning, a man (clutch) ________ at any straw.
6. If only Greg (can) _______ get some favourable shock, that"s what would do it!
7. You (can) _________ do it if you try
8. You (can) _________ do it if you tried.
9. You (can) _________ it if you had tried.
10. We (go) __________ if it does not rain.
11. Fred (come) _________ if he has time.
12. If you (take) _______ a taxi, you"ll be in time.
13. If Mark (have) ________enough money, he will go to the university.
14. They won"t unless you (ask) ______ them to come
15. What remains if you (subtract) ________ 5 from 10?
16. If you (buy) ________a packet of cigarettes costing 3$ and matches costing 2$, and gave the shopkeeper 10$ note, how much change ought you to receive?

Упражнение 4. Supply the correct verb forms in these conditional sentences. Decide, which type of conditionals are these sentences. Определите, к какому типу условных предложений относятся следующие предложения. Раскройте скобки.

1. If you (to heat) __________ iron, it (to start) ____________ to get red hot and then white hot.
2. If Molly and Paul (be not) ________ misinformed about the train times, they (not be) __________ late.
3. If Ioannis (stay) _______ longer at the party, he (have) ________ a good time
4. If the government (lose) __________ the next election, the Prime Minister (resign) ________ from politics.
5. If we (not go) ________ to your friend"s party, I never (meet) _________ Alan.
6. If train fares (be) _________ cheaper, more people (use) _________ them.
7. If Molly (get) _______ that job she"s applied for, she will be delighted.
8. It (be) ______ a disaster if it the explosion had happened in the middle of the day.
9. If the talks (be broken) __________ down again, there (be) ______ a war between the two countries
10. If Ali (know) _______ anything about mechanics at that time, I"m sure she (help) _____ us.
11. He (have) ________ a bad accident last Friday if he _____________ (not / drive) more carefully.

Упражнение 5. Переведите следующие условные предложения на английский.

1. Джаггер пригрозил уйти в отставку, если правительство потерпит поражение
2. Если бы в компании согласились, мы могли бы достичь быстрого прогресса.
3. Компания вернет деньги, если вы передумаете.
4. Выставка, возможно, закрылась бы, если бы они не нашли новых спонсоров.
5. Я бы отказался сотрудничать, если бы я был в вашем положении
6. Пожалуйста, сообщите врачу немедленно, если она покажет признаки улучшения.
7. Молли и Салли поняли бы свою ошибку, если бы только остались до конца.
8. Можете считать, что мы согласны, если не получите от нас новостей до воскресенья.
9. Если вы выпьете слишком много кофе, вы не сможете уснуть.
10. Если бы Джек привез карту, мы бы не заблудились.
11. Если бы Джон знал о встрече, то приехал бы
12. Если вы столкнетесь с Павлом, скажите ему, что я хочу его видеть.

Conditionals exercises. Английские условные упражнения: ответы.

1 opens, 2 will close, 3 runs, 4 pays, 5 would be, 6 are, 7 makes, 8 happens, 9 would find, 10 wouldn"t trust

1 had been, 2 asked, 3 had mentioned, 4 find, 5 will invite, 6 invited, 7 will be, 8 stops, 9 will go, 10 arrives, 11 would be, 12 wouldn’t be, 13 hadn’t come, 14 could, 15 add

1 would be, 2 don’t have, 3 had, 4 leave, 5 will clutch или clutches, 6 could, 7 can, 8 could, 9 could have done, 10 will go, 11 will come, 12 take, 13 has, 14 ask, 15 substract, 16 bought

1 heat / will start или starts, 2 hadn"t been / wouldn"t have been, 3 had stayed / would have had, 4 loses / will resign, 5 hadn"t gone / would have never met, 6 were / would use, 7 gets, 8 would have been, 9 are broken / will be, 10 had known / would have helped, 11 would have had / hadn’t been driving

1. Jagger has threatened to resign if the government is defeated.
2. If the companies agreed, we could make rapid progress.
3. The company will refund the money if you change your mind
4. The exhibition might have closed if they hadn"t found new sponsors.
5. I would refuse to co-operate if I were in your position
6. Please inform the doctor immediately if she shows signs of improvement.
7. Molly and sally would have realized their mistake if only they had stayed until the end.
8. You may assume we have agreed if you do not hear from us by Sunday
9. If you drink too much coffee, you won"t be able to sleep.
10. If Jack’d brought map, we wouldn"t have got lost.
11. If John had known about the meeting, he would have come
12. If you come across Paul, tell him I want to see him.

Бессоюзные условные предложения

Если условные (придаточные) предложения содержат глаголы had, were, could, should, то возможно бессоюзная связь главного и придаточного предложений. В этом случае эти глаголы ставятся перед подлежащим, союз if опускается. Такой порядок слов называется инверсией.
Перевод таких предложений следует начинать с союза «если бы».
E.g. Had he a dictionary, he could translate the text. – Если бы у него был словарь, он смог бы перевести текст.
Should he come, ask him to wait. – Если он придет, попросите его подождать.

Условные предложения. Сослагательное наклонение после "I wish”

Упражнение 1.
Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.
1. I’ll ask Tom if I see him today.
2. We would go to the party if we had time tomorrow.
3. She would pass her exam next month if she worked harder.
4. She would be happy if she met him at the party next Sunday.
5. We’ll go nowhere tomorrow if it rains.
6. If she knew his phone number, she would call him next week.
7. If J. London had not learned life from his own experience, he could not have written his great works.
8. Had the science of radio not been developed so rapidly, we should not have got such remarkable changes in the technique today.
9. Had he been a young man, he would have taken part in the expedition.
10. If you had applied this method, you would have got better results.

Упражнение 2.
Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму
1. The trains all (stop) … if it snowed heavily.
2. If you (go out) … in cold weather without a coat, you would catch a cold.
3. If I saw a cheap second- hand car, I (buy) … it.
4. If you ate well and exercised regularly, you (live) … 100 years.
5. You would have had stomach ache if you (eat) … too much of that cake.
6. If it (rain) … this afternoon, I (take)… my umbrella.
7. If you did not drive carefully, you (have) … an accident.
8. If you (study) … for a higher qualification, you (get) … a better job next year.
9. If you sent the letter by first class mail, it (get) … there the following day.
10. If the weather is fine, we (go) for a picnic.

Упражнение 3.
Завершите следующие предложения.
1. I’ll ask him to lend me the money (если я вижу его).
2. You’ll be late (если не поедете на автобусе).
3. Will you help me (если мне нужна будет ваша помощь)?
4. I’d lend you the money (если бы у меня были деньги).
5. If I had her address (я бы дал вам его).
6. If they had gone by car, (они бы сэкономили время).
7. If my mother won a million pounds, (она бы потратила их очень быстро).
8. If I had more time, (я бы прочитал больше книг).
9. (если я буду чувствовать себя хорошо), I’ll be in class tomorrow.
10. He would have come to the party last Sunday (если бы его пригласили).

Упражнение 4.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в соответствующей форме.
1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you.
2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook.
3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn’t reminded him to do that.
4. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly.
5. If he (to be) more courageous, he would not be afraid.
6. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish.
7. If you (to put) the ice-cream into the refrigerator, it would not have melted.
8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately.
9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.
10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.

Упражнение 5.
Образуйте условные предложения.
Ex.g.: The weather is not fine and we won’t go for a walk. – If the weather is fine, we will go for a walk”.
1. He is busy and does not come. If…
2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If…
3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If…
4.He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If…
5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I did not come to see you. If…
6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that’s why it struck a rock. If…
7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If…
8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If…
9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If …
10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If …

Упражнение 6.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в соответствующей форме сослагательного наклонения после "I wish”.
1. The unfortunate pupil wishes he (not to forget) to learn the rule.
2. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter.
3. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me.
4. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round.
5. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.
6. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.
7. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day.
8. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time!
9. I wish I (to know) Spanish.
10. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.

Упражнение 7
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Если бы он не был так близорук (short-sighted), он бы узнал меня вчера в театре.
2. Она здорова. Если бы она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера.
3. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал.
4. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома.
5. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину.
6. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители купили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она будет выдающимся (distinguished) музыкантом.
7. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давно поговорил с ней.
8. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале (in the original).
9. Если бы я жил близко, я бы чаще (more often) заходил к вам.
10. Если бы вы не прервали (to interrupt) нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок.

Упражнение 8.
Допишите следующие предложения.
1. You would know English better if …
2. I should have left Moscow yesterday if …
3. If I were you, …
4. If I had known that it was going to rain, …
5. I shall go for a walk, if …
6. I should lend you my textbook if …
7. If we had bought the tickets, …
8. If they were here, …
9. We should be glad if …
10. If he were younger, …

Упражнение 9.
Опустите союз в следующих условных предложениях, сделав соответствующие изменения в предложении.
Ex.g.: If we had gone there later, we would have seen them. – Had we gone there later, we would have seen them».
1. If I had time, I should study French.
2. If you should find them, kindly let me know.
3. If they had called at the office yesterday, they would have found me there.
4. If I had seen him yesterday, I should have told him about it.
5. If he were here I should speak to him.
6. If he were in town, he would help us.
7. If he should come, tell him to wait.
8. If I had enough money, I would travel.
9. If I were you, I should go there immediately.
10. If I were in his place, I should refuse.

Например. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.

If you are free, I shall come to see you.

If you were free, I should come to see you.

If you had been free, I should have come to see you.

If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.

If I see her, I shall be glad.

If I saw her, I should be glad.

If I had seen her, I should have been glad.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systemat­ically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Mos­cow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmon­ic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Answers: 1.1)If you are busy, I shall leave you alone. 2) If you were busy, I should leave you alone. 3)If you had been busy, I should have left you alone. 2. 1) If my friend comes to see me, I shall be very glad. — Если друг придет, я буду рад. 2) If my friend came to see me, I should be very glad. — Если бы друг пришёл, я был бы рад. (мечта) 3) If my friend had come to see me, I should have been very glad. — Если бы друг пришёл (но он не пришел), я был бы рад. (сожаление) 3. 1) If mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea party. 2) If mother bought a cake, we should have a very nice tea party. 3) If mother had bought a cake, we should have had a very nice tea party. 4. 1) If we receive a telegram from him, we shall not worry. 2) If we received a telegram from him, we should not worry. 3)If we had received a telegram from him, we should not have worried. 5. 1)If you don’t work systematically, you will fail the exam. 2) If you did not work systematically, you would fail the exam. 3)If you had not worked systematically, you would have failed the exam. 6. 1)If I live in Moscow, I shall visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 2) If I lived in Moscow, I should visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 3) If I had lived in Moscow, I should have visited the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. 1) If I get a ticket, I shall go to the Philharmonic. 2) If I got a ticket, I should go to the Philharmonic. 3) If I had got a ticket, I should have gone to the Philharmonic. 8. 1) If I live near a wood, I shall gather a lot of mushrooms. 2) If I lived near a wood, I should gather a lot of mushrooms. 3) If I had lived near a wood, I should have gathered a lot of mushrooms. 9. 1) If my father returns early, we shall watch TV together. 2) If my father returned early, we should watch TV together. 3) If my father had returned early, we should have watched TV together. 10. 1) If she knows English, she will try to enter the university. 2) If she knew English, she would try to enter the university. 3) If she had known English, she would have tried to enter the university.

Exercise 2. Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия: a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему (II тип); b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mis­take. 3. If he doesn’t come in time, shall we have to wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be . obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don’t come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don’t ring him up?

Answers: 1.1)I were not too busy, I should go to the concert.2) If I had not been too busy, I should have gone to the concert. 2. 1) They would all be surprised if I made such a mistake. 2)They would all have been very surprised if I had made such a mistake. 3. 1)If he didn’t come in time, should we have to wait for him? 2) If he hadn’t come in time, should we have had to wait for him? 4. 1) If no one came to help, we should be obliged to do the work ourselves. 2) If no one had come to help, we should have been obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. 1)If you put on your glasses, you would see better. 2)f you had put on your glasses, you would have seen better. 6. 1)What should we do if they were late? 2) What should we have done if they had been late? 7. 1)Would you be very angry if we didn’t come? 2) Would you have been very angry if we hadn’t come? 8. 1)Would he be very displeased if I didn’t ring him up? 2) Would he have been very displeased if I hadn’t rung him up?

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so care­less about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the compo­sition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Answers: 1. He would not have. 2. You give. 3. She were not. 4. We shall spend. 5. They had not gone. 6. You don’t get. 7. You would consult. 8. I had. 9. It rains. 10. He had worked. 11. I shall not put. 12. I should have written. 13. He did not read. 14. My friend is.

Exercise 4. Образуйте условные предложения.

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If … 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If … 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If … 4. He speaks En­glish badly: he has no practice. If … 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I did not come to see you. If … 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that’s why it struck a rock. If … 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If … 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If … 9. The sea is rough, and we can­not sail to the island. If … 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If … 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If … 12. I was expect­ing my friend to come, that’s why I could not go to the cinema with you. If … 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If … 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dic­tionary. If … 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If … 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That’s why I took a taxi. If …

Answers: 1. If he were not busy, he would come to see us. 2. If the girl had studied well last year, she would not have received bad marks. 3. If he had not broken his bicycle, he would have gone to the country. 4. If he had (more) practice, he would speak English better. 5. If I had not had a bad headache yesterday, I should have come to see you. 6. If the ship had not sailed near the coast, it would not have struck a rock. 7. If he had been in town, he would have been present at our meeting. 8. If the pavement had not been so slippery, I should not have fallen and hurt my leg. 9. If the sea were not (so) rough, we should (could) sail to the island. 10. If they had not made a fire, the wolves would not have run away. 11. If it were not late, I should not have to go home. 12. If I had not expected my friend to come, I should (could) have gone to the cinema with you. 13. If mathematics were not his favourite subject and he did not work a lot at it, he would not always get top marks. 14. If I had had a dictionary, I should have translated the article yesterday. 15. If the night had not been pitch-dark, we should not have lost our way. 16. If the box had not been so heavy, (I could have carried it and) I should not have taken a taxi.

Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после «I wish».

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Phil­harmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive. 6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Span­ish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday’s party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don’t you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortu­nate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Answers: 1. I had. 2. I had consulted. 3. It were. 4. I had not lent. 5. You sent. 6. I did not have. 7. You had gone. 8. I knew. 9. I had not drunk. 10. You read. 11. I had never suggested. 12. I had been. 13. We met. 14. You had seen. 15. They did not see. 16. He had not forgotten.

Exercise 6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя «I wish».

E.g. It’s a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. Unfortunately they won’t return before Christ­mas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor knowledge at the exam. 3. It’s a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It’s a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It’s a pity we shan’t be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don’t know enough physics.

Answers: 1.I wish they returned before Christmas. 2. The student wished he had studied the material better and shown better knowledge at the exam. 3. I wish you had sent for us last night. 4. I wish you were with us these days. 5. My friend wishes he had entered the university. 6. He wished he had had enough time to finish his paper. 7. I wish we were able to reach home before teatime. 8. I wish I had not made you upset by telling you this news. 9. I wish you knew enough physics.

Exercise 7. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя «I wish».

• 1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный,
• б) Жаль, что он не достаточно серьезен.
• 2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета,
• б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.
• 3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно,
• б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.
• 4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.
• б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.
• 5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,
• б)К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

Answers: 1.a) I wish he were not so light-minded. б) I wish he were more serious. 2. a) Now I wish I had listened to his advice (had followed his advice). b) Now I wish I had not followed his advice. 3. a) I wish you had not come so late. б) I wish you had come earlier. 4. a) I wish we had not gone before he came. б) I wish we had waited till he came. 5. a) I wish they knew it already. b) I wish they did not know about it.

Exercise 8. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя «I wish».

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были ка­никулы. 3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером! 4. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета. 5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пик­нике. 6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет. 7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты. 8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы на­писали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не об­ратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она де­лает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не зас­тали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рас­сказала нам эту историю раньше.

Answers: 1. Oh, how I wish you had told her about it last Sunday! 2. I wish we had holidays now. 3. Oh, I wish he came tonight! 4. We wished we had asked his advice. 5. I wish you had not refused to take part in the picnic. 6. I wish you were interested in this subject. 7. We wish you mentioned these facts. 8. I wish we had not missed the train. 9. I wish you had turned on the TV earlier. 10. I wish I were free now! 11. I wish I had had more time yesterday. 12. I wish you wrote her about it yourself. 13. I wish you had paid attention to his warning. 14. He wished he had not left the university. 15. I wish it were not too late to go there. 16. Oh, how I wish I had come to the railway station on time! 17. I wish you had read this wonderful book. 18. I wish she did not make so many mistakes in her speech. 19. I wish you had visited the exhibition. 20. I wish I had learned about it earlier. 21. I wish we had found Nick at home. 22. She wished she had told us this story before.

Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи употребления времен в условных предложениях II и III типа:

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have rung him up yesterday.

Условие относится к настоящему времени (II тип), а следствие - к прошедшему (III тип).

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

Условие относится к прошедшему времени (III тип), а следствие - к настоящему (II тип).

Exercise 9. Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о смешанных случаях.

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a tooth­ache. If … 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled. If … 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If … 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress re­hearsal. If … 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If … 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If … 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If … 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If … 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to un­derstand this difficult material. If … 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If … 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If … 12. She won’t try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If …

Answers: 1. If I did not have a toothache, I should not go to the dentist. 2. If he had gone to the dentist to have his tooth filled, he would not be groaning with pain now. 3. If she needed some treatment, she would go to the polyclinic. 4. If he had not been present at the dress rehearsal, he would go to see the play. 5. If he were not fond of this famous singer, he would not have gone to Moscow specially to hear him. 6. If we had been thirsty, we should have gone to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade. 7. If she had had a needle, she would (could) have mended her dress herself. 8. If he had trained enough last year, he would be a first-class sportsman now. 9. If the pupils had not wanted to understand this difficult material, they would not have been so active. 10. If the pupils had been more attentive, they would have understood the homework. 11. If the pupils had not worked hard, they would not have done well in their exams. 12. If she were good at foreign languages, she would try to enter the foreign languages department.

Exercise 10. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встрети­ли, вы бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на ва­шем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстро­ит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне по­могли решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень бла­годарен. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в го­лову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сдела­ли работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свобод­ны. 7. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 8. Если бы он регулярно не посещал спор­тивные тренировки, он не добился бы такого успе­ха на состязаниях. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Жаль, что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был ум­нее, он бы не пошел вчера в лес. 12. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. 13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не испекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечатель­ный композитор. 15. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечер состоялся.

Answers: 1. He has changed so much! If you met him, you would not recognize him. 2. If I were you, I should consult my parents. 3. If a tram came now, we should not be late. 4. If he had known that this would upset you, he would have been more careful. 5. If you helped me to solve this problem, I should be very grateful to you. 6. I wish it had occurred to us before to look for the book in the library. We should have done the work in time and now we should be free, 7. I wish we had had more lessons. If we had worked more, we should know the language better. 8. If he had not attended sports trainings regularly, he would not have achieved such success in the competitions. 9. If you had warned me before, I should already be in Moscow. 10. I wish she had not gone. If you had called before, she would be here now. 11. If he were cleverer, he would not have gone to the wood yesterday. 12. If she had not sent this letter yesterday, my brother would be at home now. 13. What should we be doing now if mother had not baked a pie yesterday? 14. I wish you had heard Rakhmaninov’s music. If you had heard it, you would know what a wonderful composer he was. 15. I am sure that everybody would be glad if the party took place.

Здравствуйте, мои дорогие читатели.

Когда вы слышите фразу «Relative Clause » - о чем вы думаете? Русские люди, которые не любят захламлять свою голову всякими терминами, не сразу найдутся с ответом. А вот если намекнуть им на слова that, which или who, которые часто встречаются в текстах, они сразу же понимают, о чем пойдет речь.

Да, придаточные предложения, или грамматика relative clauses : - тема сегодняшнего разговора. Я постараюсь самым простым способом рассказать вам, что, как и для чего используется. А также мы посмотрим на перевод и defining words , что используются в этом правиле. В конце обязательно закрепим полученные знания

Что это такое и как этим пользоваться?

Relative clause - или на русском определительное придаточное предложение, - это часть сложного предложения, которое зависит от главного. Оно обычно соединяет два маленьких предложения в одно или просто добавляет новую интересную информацию, чтобы вам было понятнее, давайте посмотрим пример.

I have a mother who works as a doctor. — У меня есть мама, которая работает врачом.

I missed the bus that was going to take me to church. - Я пропустила автобус, который должен был отвезти меня в церковь.

Что нам говорит правило?

Правило гласит, что в английском языке определительные придаточные предложения могут быть как identifying (ограничительные) или non-identifying (распространительные).

Если говорить проще, то первые определяют что-то важное в предложении, последние - не определяют. Обычно non-identifying предложения можно выделить запятыми и, соответственно, выбросить из предложения.

Например:

This is the new computer that I bought yesterday. - Это новый компьютер, который я купил вчера.

She was pleased with the present that her father gave her. - Она была рада подарку, который ее отец ей подарил.

В этих примерах часть текста после слова that - определяющая, потому что если их убрать, предложение потеряет важный смысловую нагрузку. Их никоим образом нельзя пропустить или убрать вовсе.

Вот вам хороший пример, который поможет понять существенную разницу.

The students, who had revised the material, passed the test.

The students who had revised the material passed the test.

Если вспомнить правило, то придаточное предложение, выделенное запятыми, можно выбросить из текста. Поэтому получается, что в первом случае все ученики сдали тест (в том числе и те, кто повторил). А вот во втором случае именно те, кто повторил перед тестом, его и сдали!

Чувствуете разницу?

Когда и как используются who, that, which?

Самые распространенные слова, которые используются в relative clause - это who, which, that.

• Who используется только с живыми существами: людьми, животными (именно своими, которых вы знаете!) и т.д.

The girl who was my age had already won this competition. - Девочка, которая была со мной одного возраста, уже побеждала в этом конкурсе.

• Which используется только с неодушевленными предметами.

The catalog which you ordered yesterday will arrive tomorrow. — Каталог, который ты заказал вчера, придет завтра.

• That используется как с одушевленными, так и с неодушевленными существительными.

The book that is on the table is a present for Joe’s birthday. — Книга, которая лежит на столе, это подарок на день рождения Джо.

Если вы хотите больше узнать о сложных предложениях в английском языке, то прошу. Если же вам интересна вся грамматика, то мой будет очень кстати.

Чтобы вам было намного легче освоить эту темы, я подготовила для вас упражнения для практики (Ответы будут в конце статьи, но прошу не подглядывать, пока не сделаете;)).

1. That is the shop ____ was awarded as the best shop in the city.
2. The girl ____ brother goes with me to the gym is a good singer.
3. The man ____ broke into our house was caught in two days.
4. She visits her grandmother ____ lives in countryside every summer.
5. She was wearing a dress ___ looked like princess’.
6. The bookshelf ____ we bought last week has broken down.
7. The man ___ was sitting on the bench turned around and saw his granddaughter.
8. A woman ____ son was crying paid no attention to him.
9. The woman ____ car had broken down on her way home spent 3 hours waiting for help.
10. My best friend ____ I have known for years will never let me down.
11. He didn’t follow the instructions ____ he was given, so he failed to pass the test.
12. The girl ___ lived next door was very shy and couldn’t say a word to protect herself at school.
13. I need to buy a laptop ____ can work up to 5 hours without a charger.
14. My father ___ is a doctor has no idea how to repair a car.
15. The photo ____ is placed on the mantel was taken at the picnic two years ago.

Ну что, надеюсь, вы теперь вооружены полными знаниями и готовы справиться с любыми придаточными предложениями в английском языке. В попытках понять английского языка можно и в трех соснах заблудиться. Именно тогда нужна помочь профессионального учителя. Задавайте свои вопросы — буду рада на них ответить.

А пока я прощаюсь.
До новых интересных встреч!

Ответы:
1. which
2. whose
3. who
4. who
5. that
6. that
7. who
8. whose
9. whose
10. whom
11. that
12. who
13. that
14. who
15. that

1. Завершите УП, определив их тип по форме глагола в первой части предложений.

Например: If the film is boring we … (leave) at once. (Если фильм будет скучным, мы сразу же уйдем.) – If the film is boring we will leave at once.

She would look much younger if she … (be) slim. (Она бы выглядела намного моложе, если бы была стройной.) – She would look much younger if she were slim.

1. If the flight is delayed our guests … (be) late. (Если рейс задержат, наши гости опоздают.)

2. We would have gone to the beach if the rain … (stop). (Мы бы сходили на пляж, если бы дождь прекратился.)

3. They will miss the train if they … (not run.) (Они опоздают на поезд, если не побегут.)

4. If you had given her the letter she … (tear) it to pieces. (Если бы ты дал ей письмо, она бы разорвала его на кусочки.)

5. If Jack moves too slowly he … (not win) the game. (Если Джек будет двигаться слишком медленно, он не победит в игре.)

6. If I lost my job I … (move) to the country. (Если бы я потеряла работу, я бы переехала в сельскую местность.)

7. She would invite our kids if they … (behave) themselves. (Она бы пригласила наших детей, если бы они вели себя хорошо.)

8. If Tom were more careful he … (not break) things. (Если бы Том был более внимательным, он бы не ломал вещи.)

9. If she had had a car she … (drive) there. (Если бы у нее была машина, она бы туда доехала.)

10. You wouldn’t have got wet if you … (put on) your mackintosh. (Ты бы не промок, если бы надел плащ.)

2. Составьте список того, о чем мечтает маленький Джонни, используя II тип условных предложений. Переведите получившиеся предложения.

Например: If I had much money I would buy a sports car. (Если бы у меня было много денег, я бы купил спортивную машину.)

If I had much money … …make a strawberry cake.

If I were tall … …buy a sports car .

If I knew French well … …save people.

If I could cook … …play basketball.

If I had a bunch of flowers … …move to Canada.

If I were a fireman … …give it to Alice.

3. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в необходимую форму, обращая внимание на тип условных предложений.

0 тип

1. When my sister … (come) to town we … (go) to the cinema together. (Когда моя сестра приезжает в город, мы ходим вместе в кино.)

2. If my kids … (run) in the playground they … (become) very thirsty. (Если мои дети бегают на игровой площадке, они очень хотят пить.)

I тип

1. If it … (cost) too much I … (not take) it. (Если он стоит слишком много, я не возьму его.)

2. She … (be) angry if you … (lose) this photo. (Она разозлится, если ты потеряешь эту фотографию.)

3. If you … (not eat up) the bread we … (feed) the birds in the garden. (Если вы не съедите хлеб, мы покормим птиц в саду.)

II тип

1. If I … (have) free time now I … (watch) my favourite film. (Если бы у меня было свободное время сейчас, я бы посмотрел любимый фильм.)

2. If I … (be) you I … (not eat) fast food. (На твоем месте я бы не ел фаст фуд.)

3. His job … (be) so hard if he … (not have) a secretary. (Его работа была бы такой тяжелой, если бы у него не было секретаря.)

III тип

1. If you … (not smoke) so much you … (not be) in hospital now. (Если бы ты не курил столько, ты бы сейчас не лежал в больнице.)

2. If we … (meet) him yesterday we … (call) you. (Если бы мы встретили его вчера, мы бы позвонили тебе.)

Ответы:

1. will be
2. had stopped
3. don’t run
4. would have torn
5. won’t win (will not win)
6. would move
7. behaved
8. wouldn’t break
9. would have driven
10. had put on

If I were tall I would play basketball. (Если бы я был высоким, я бы играл в баскетбол.)
If I knew French well I would move to Canada. (Если бы я знал французский хорошо, я бы переехал в Канаду.)
If I could cook I would make a strawberry cake. (Если бы я мог готовить, я бы сделал клубничный торт.)
If I had a bunch of flowers I would give it to Alice. (Если бы у меня был букет цветов, я бы подарил его Алисе.)
If I were a fireman I would save people. (Если бы я был пожарным, я бы спасал людей.)

0 тип
1. comes – go
2. run – become
I тип
1. costs – will not take (won’t take)
2. will be – lose
3. don’t eat up – will feed
II тип
1. had – would watch
2. were – wouldn’t eat
3. would be – didn’t have
III тип
1. hadn’t smoked – wouldn’t have been
2. had met – would have called